Leyla Mammadova is a researcher specializing in international humanitarian law, demography, and the EU Institutions. In her text entitled “Europe: Of Status Qua and (Climate) Change” she is writing about climate change……
Europe: Of Status Qua and (Climate) Change
The situation in Europe particularly tends to become more severe year by year: land and sea temperatures are rocketing high; rainfall trends are dramatically changing; sea levels are increasing; and the heat waves becoming a major challenge (Climate Adapt, 2021).
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Put differently, nearly all regions of Europe reached the frontline of the climate change phenomenon. With Europe being a heavily urbanized continent and the 75% of the European population residing in cities, the detrimental impact of climate change seems to be inevitable and indeed will come at a high expense.
Furthermore, the substitution of artificial surfaces and buildings for natural vegetation modifies temperature, humidity, wind speed, and precipitation patterns. By trapping heat and causing the so-called “urban heat-island effect,” impermeable surfaces restrict extreme amounts of rainfall from draining through into earth, start increasing in cities different from the surrounding area. In the past few years, scientists have given growing dire warnings about the prospect of elevated global warming (possibly a 48°C rise in global average surface temperatures beyond pre-industrial norms by the 2060s or 2070s), which would test societies’ adaptive capabilities to the breaking point (Carter, 2011).
Instances of urban climate change adaptation techniques are beginning to appear in relation to policy solutions. These are frequently incorporated into larger climate change and green innovations that include, and in some cases, are primarily focused on, climate change mitigation.
The way urban areas are planned and developed as well as they respond to the ongoing climate crisis play a crucial role in Co2 emissions and energy use, which in turn, affect the climate change phenomenon at large. (University of Bergen, 2020) According to the member of IFIMES Advisory Board, J Scott Younger (2022), the architects and urban planners are now expected to put extra efforts into adapting to climate change mitigation and renewable energy usage since the coming 30+ years ahead are to witness the even higher level of urbanization.
Climate change policies that are ‘integrated’ entail those developed for cities such as Madrid, Copenhagen, and Rotterdam. Moreover, planning and zoning restrictions in Stuttgart, Germany, for instance, aim to protect open space and promote the presence of plants in intensively built-up regions.
This is to improve airflow and hence reduce overheating and pollution issues. A Building and Construction Law of 2002 in Basel, Switzerland, mandates that all new and refurbished flat roofs be greened. As a result, Basel has surpassed London as the world’s leading green roof metropolis in terms of green roof area per capita. The Biotope Area Factor law in Berlin, Germany, mandates that a certain percentage of major innovations be kept as green or accessible land (Carter, 2011).
It’s becoming clear that European cities are playing an increasingly important role in climate and energy governance. Cities themselves are well aware of this new governance role. Inter-city networks are being mobilized by city governments to explore remedies to energy and climate concerns (e.g. C40, Energy Cities).
The European Union’s multi-level governance has created new administration areas for cities throughout Europe. Inter-city networks appear to be crucial in terms of the ideas that planners and policymakers are pursuing on a domestic level. The actions initiated by the EU and its Member States show the extent to which the situation is pressing, and the need to expand the efforts beyond the EU’s capabilities (Carbon Brief, 2020).
All in all, to tackle the issue and address it in a reasonable way, collective action must be taken by all means possible. The 21st century and the late COVID-19 crisis have shown that it is no help to rely solely on political actors or single stakeholders, but rather to take the situation in own hands and take the necessary measures as soon as possible.
To help cities maintain an urban life in a ‘greener; and more sustainable way, the united efforts of both the people and the government should be put into force. We no longer have time to waste; it is time to press the alarm button and take the action.
About the author:
Leyla Mammadova of the University Leuven, Belgium (Leuven International and European Studies (LINES) is a researcher specializing in international humanitarian law, demography, and the EU Institutions.
The views expressed in this article are the author’s own and do not necessarily reflect IFIMES official position.
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