Moscow sets out tough terms in draft security documents that have been submitted to the US and its allies

Russia on Friday published draft security pacts demanding that Ukraine and other ex-Soviet countries be barred from joining NATO and that restrictions on troops and weapons in Europe be put in place.

The documents, which have been submitted to the United States and its allies earlier this week, also call for a ban on sending the US and Russian warships and aircraft to areas from where they can strike each other’s territory and demand a rollback on the deployment of alliance troops near Russian borders.

The tough demands appear certain to be rejected by the US and its allies, which have emphasized that Russia does not have a say in NATO’s enlargement.

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Ukraine’s foreign ministry said Kyiv had an “exclusive sovereign right” to run its own foreign policy, and only it and NATO could determine the relationship between them, including the question of Ukrainian membership.

It urged Moscow to re-engage with a peace process in eastern Ukraine, where about 15,000 people have been killed in a seven-year conflict between Ukrainian government troops and Russian-backed separatists.

Meanwhile, NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg warned that any security talks with Moscow would need to take into account the alliance’s concerns and involve Ukraine and other partners.

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The publication of the draft pacts comes amid soaring tensions over a Russian troop build-up near Ukraine that has drawn Ukrainian and Western fears of an invasion.

Moscow has denied plans to attack its neighbor but demanded the West provide a set of legal guarantees precluding NATO’s expansion to Ukraine and other Russian neighbors and the deployment of the alliance’s weapons there, a demand NATO has rejected.

The US is willing to discuss security proposals put forward by Russia but disagrees with parts of them and will impose “massive consequences” over any “aggression” on Ukraine, a senior official said on Friday.

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“We are prepared to discuss them. That said, there are some things in this document that the Russians know will be unacceptable,” the official told reporters on condition of anonymity. “If there is any further aggression against Ukraine, that will have massive, massive consequences and will carry a high price.”

Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov said Russia’s relations with the US and its NATO allies have approached a “dangerous point”, noting that alliance deployments and drills near Russia have raised “unacceptable” threats to its security.

The draft pacts – a Russia-US security treaty and a security agreement between Moscow and NATO – contain obligations to pull back weapons and refrain from drills near the borders between Russia and the alliance members.

Ryabkov told reporters that Moscow proposed that the US immediately start the talks on the proposed drafts in Geneva.

The drafts would oblige Washington and its allies to take an obligation to halt NATO’s eastward expansion to include other ex-Soviet republics and rescind a 2008 promise of membership to Ukraine and Georgia.

They would also preclude the US and its allies from setting up military bases on the territories of Ukraine, Georgia, and other ex-Soviet nations which are not members of NATO.

A draft treaty with the US contains a ban on the deployment of US and Russian warships and aircraft to “areas where they can strike targets on the territory of the other party”.

Moscow has long complained about patrol flights by US strategic bombers near Russian borders and the deployment of US and NATO warships to the Black Sea, describing them as destabilizing and provocative.

Russia’s draft also envisages a pledge not to station intermediate-range missiles in areas where they can strike the other party’s territory, a clause that follows the US and Russian withdrawal from a Cold War-era pact banning such weapons.

President Vladimir Putin raised the demand for security guarantees in last week’s video call with US President Joe Biden. During the conversation, Biden voiced concern about a build-up of Russian troops near Ukraine and warned him that Russia would face “severe consequences” if Moscow attacked its neighbor.

Stoltenberg said on Friday that NATO had received the Russian draft documents, and noted that any dialogue with Moscow “would also need to address NATO’s concerns about Russia’s actions, be based on core principles and documents of European security, and take place in consultation with NATO’s European partners, such as Ukraine”.

He added that the 30 NATO countries “have made clear that should Russia take concrete steps to reduce tensions, we are prepared to work on strengthening confidence-building measures”.

US intelligence officials say Russia has moved 70,000 soldiers to its border with Ukraine and is preparing for a possible invasion early next year. Moscow has denied any intention to attack and accused Ukrainian authorities of planning an offensive to reclaim control of rebel-held eastern Ukraine – an allegation Ukraine has rejected.

Fighting between Ukrainian forces and Russia-backed separatists in eastern Ukraine began after Russia’s 2014 annexation of Ukraine’s the Crimean Peninsula. It has killed more than 14,000 people and devastated Ukraine’s industrial heartland called Donbas.